MĀ 10 āsravakṣayasūtram
[Translated originally from the Sanskrit Sarvāstivāda Madhyamāgama to Classical Chinese by a team led by Sarvāstivāda scholar Gautama Saṃghadeva of Kāśmīra in 398CE.
Translated from the Chinese Taisho Tripiṭaka back to Sanskrit by Ramakrishnan Suryanarayanan in 2024-26.]
madhyamāgame saptadharmavarge prathame āsravakṣayasūtraṃ daśamam.
evaṃ mayā śrutam. ekasminsamaye bhagavānkuruṣu viharati sma kalmāṣadamye kurūṇāṃ nigame.
tasminsamaye bhagavānbhikṣūnāmantrayata—jānataḥ paśyato'haṃ bhikṣava āsravāṇāṃ kṣayaṃ vadāmi, nājānato nāpaśyataḥ. kathaṃ ca bhikṣavo jānataḥ kathaṃ paśyata āsravāṇāṃ kṣayo bhavati? asti yoniśomanasikāro'styayoniśomanasikāraḥ. ayoniśomanasikurvato'nutpannāśca kāmāsravā utpadyanta utpannāśca kāmāsravā abhivardhante. anutpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāścotpadyante, utpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāścābhivardhante. yoniśomanasikurvato'nutpannāśca kāmāsravā notpadyante, utpannāśca kāmāsravā nirudhyante. anutpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāśca notpadyante, utpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāśca nirudhyante.
tatrāśrutavānbālapṛthagjanaḥ saddharmaṃ na śṛṇoti, kalyāṇamitrāṇi na sevate, āryadharmaṃ na jānātyāryadharme'vinīto yathābhūtaṃ dharmaṃ na jānāti. tasya yathābhūtaṃ dharmamajānato'yoniśomanasikurvato'nutpannāśca kāmāsravā utpadyanta utpannāśca kāmāsravā abhivardhante. anutpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāścotpadyante, utpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāścābhivardhante. yoniśomanasikurvato'nutpannāśca kāmāsravā notpadyante, utpannāśca kāmāsravā nirudhyante. anutpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāśca notpadyante, utpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāśca nirudhyante. yathābhūtaṃ dharmamajānannamanasikaraṇīyāndharmānmanasikaroti, manasikaraṇīyāndharmānna manasikaroti. tasyāmanasikaraṇīyāndharmānmanasikurvato manasikaraṇīyāndharmānamanasikurvato'nutpannāśca kāmāsravā utpadyanta utpannāśca kāmāsravā abhivardhante. anutpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāścotpadyante, utpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāścābhivardhante.
śrutavāṃstu bhikṣava āryaśrāvakaḥ saddharmaṃ śṛṇoti, kalyāṇamitrāṇi sevate, āryadharmaṃ jānātyāryadharme suvinīto yathābhūtaṃ dharmaṃ jānāti. tasya yathābhūtaṃ dharmaṃ jānato yoniśomanasikurvato'nutpannāśca kāmāsravā notpadyante, utpannāśca kāmāsravā nirudhyante. anutpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāśca notpadyante, utpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāśca nirudhyante. sa yathābhūtaṃ dharmaṃ jñātvāmanasikaraṇīyāndharmānna manasikaroti, manasikaraṇīyāndharmānmanasikaroti. tasyāmanasikaraṇīyāndharmānamanasikurvato manasikaraṇīyāndharmānmanasikurvato'nutpannāśca kāmāsravā notpadyante, utpannāśca kāmāsravā nirudhyante. anutpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāśca notpadyante, utpannāśca bhavāsravā avidyāsravāśca nirudhyante.
santi bhikṣavaḥ sapta dharmā āsravakleśadaurmanasyaprahāṇāya. katame sapta? santyāsravā darśanena prahātavyāḥ. santyāsravāḥ saṃvareṇa prahātavyāḥ. santyāsravāḥ parivarjanena prahātavyāḥ. santyāsravāḥ pratisevanayā prahātavyāḥ. santyāsravā adhivāsanayā prahātavyāḥ. santyāsravā vinodanayā prahātavyāḥ. santyāsravā bhāvanayā prahātavyāḥ.
katame cāsravā darśanena prahātavyāḥ? tatra bhikṣavo'śrutavānpṛthagjanaḥ saddharmaṃ na śṛṇoti, kalyāṇamitrāṇi na sevate, āryadharmaṃ na jānātyāryadharme'vinīto yathābhūtaṃ dharmaṃ na jānāti. so'yoniśomanasikārāddhetorevaṃ pratisañcintayati—abhūvaṃ nvahamatītamadhvānam, nābhūvaṃ nvahamatītamadhvānam, kiṃ nvahamatītamadhvānamabhūvam, kathaṃ nvahamatītamadhvānamabhūvam. bhaviṣyāmi nvahamanāgatamadhvānam, na bhaviṣyāmi nvahamanāgatamadhvānam, kiṃ nu bhaviṣyāmyahamanāgatamadhvānam, kathaṃ nu bhaviṣyāmyahamanāgatamadhvānam. pratyutpanne cādhvanyadhyātmaṃ kathaṅkathī bhavati—ko nvahamasmi, kathaṃ nvahamasmi, ayaṃ sattvaḥ kuta āgataḥ, sa kutragāmī bhaviṣyati, kena kāraṇenābhūt, kena kāraṇena bhaviṣyatīti. tasyaivamayoniśomanasikurvataḥ ṣaṇṇāṃ dṛṣṭīnāmanyatamā dṛṣṭirutpadyate—satyataḥ sthitata ātmeti dṛṣṭirutpadyate. satyataḥ sthitato nātmeti dṛṣṭirutpadyate. ātmanaivātmānaṃ sañjānāmīti dṛṣṭirutpadyate. ātmanaivānātmānaṃ sañjānāmīti dṛṣṭirutpadyate. anātmanaivātmānaṃ sañjānāmīti dṛṣṭirutpadyate. yo me'yamātmā vaktā vedayitā kartā kārayitā samutthātā samutthāpayitā, tatra tatra kalyāṇapāpakānāṃ karmaṇāṃ vipākaṃ pratisaṃvedayati, sa cāyamātmā niścitaṃ na kutaścidāgato niścitaṃ na bhavati niścitaṃ na bhaviṣyatīti dṛṣṭirutpadyate. idamucyate dṛṣṭiviṣūkaṃ dṛṣṭivispanditaṃ dṛṣṭisaṃyojanam. yena dṛṣṭisaṃyojanena saṃyukto'śrutavānpṛthagjanastena hetunā jātijarāvyādhimaraṇaduḥkhaṃ pratisaṃvedayati.
śrutavāṃstu bhikṣava āryaśrāvakaḥ saddharmaṃ śṛṇoti, kalyāṇamitrāṇi sevate, āryadharmaṃ jānātyāryadharme suvinīto yathābhūtaṃ dharmaṃ jānāti—idaṃ duḥkhamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti. ayaṃ duḥkhasamudaya iti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti. ayaṃ duḥkhanirodha iti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti. iyaṃ duḥkhanirodhagāminī pratipaditi yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti. tasyaivaṃ yathābhūtaṃ jānataḥ paśyatastrīṇi saṃyojanāni prahīyante—satkāyadṛṣṭiḥ śīlavrataparāmarśo vicikitsā ca. trīṇi saṃyojanāni prahāya srotāpanno bhavatyavinipātadharmā niyatasaṃbodhiparāyaṇaḥ. saptakṛtvobhavaparamo deveṣu ca manuṣyeṣu ca saptakṛtvaḥ saṃdhāvya saṃsṛtya duḥkhasyāntaṃ karoti. ajānato'paśyatastatra kleśā daurmanasyāni cotpadyante, jānataḥ paśyatastu na kleśā na daurmanasyānyutpadyante. ime ucyante āsravā darśanena prahātavyāḥ.
katame cāsravā saṃvareṇa prahātavyāḥ? iha bhikṣavo, bhikṣuścakṣuṣā rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā cakṣurindriyaṃ saṃvṛṇoti yoniśomanasikāreṇāśubhānudarśī bhavati. cakṣurindriyaṃ na saṃvṛṇotyayoniśomanasikāreṇa śubhānudarśī bhavati. asaṃvṛṇvata āsravā utpadyante kleśā daurmanasyāni ca, saṃvṛṇvatastu nāsravā utpadyante na kleśā na daurmanasyāni. evaṃ śrotreṇa śabdaṃ ghrāṇena gandhaṃ jihvayā rasaṃ kāyena spraṣṭavyaṃ manasā dharmaṃ vijñāya mana indriyaṃ saṃvṛṇoti yoniśomanasikāreṇāśubhānudarśī bhavati. mana indriyaṃ na saṃvṛṇotyayoniśomanasikāreṇa śubhānudarśī bhavati. asaṃvṛṇvata āsravā utpadyante kleśā daurmanasyāni ca, saṃvṛṇvatastu nāsravā utpadyante na kleśā na daurmanasyāni. ime ucyante āsravāḥ saṃvareṇa prahātavyāḥ.
katame cāsravāḥ parivarjanena prahātavyāḥ? iha bhikṣavo, bhikṣuścaṇḍaṃ hastinaṃ dṛṣṭvā parivarjayati, caṇḍamaśvaṃ caṇḍāṃ gāṃ caṇḍaṃ kukkuramāśīviṣaṃ kumārgaṃ śvabhraṃ prapātaṃ varcāvaṭaṃ nadīṃ gambhīrahradaṃ parvataviṣamaṃ, pāpamitraṃ pāpasahāyaṃ pāpatīrthikaṃ pāpagrāmaṃ pāpagocaraṃ ca parivarjayati. yaiḥ saha vasantaṃ sabrahmacāriṇamaśaṅkite sthāne śaṅkeran, sa bhikṣustāni pāpamitrāṇi pāpasahāyānpāpatīrthikānpāpagrāmānpāpagocarāṃśca parivarjayati. yaiḥ saha vasantaṃ sabrahmacāriṇamaśaṅkite sthāne śaṅkeran, tānsarvānparivarjayati. aparivarjayata āsravā utpadyante kleśā daurmanasyāni ca, parivarjayatastu nāsravā utpadyante na kleśā na daurmanasyāni. ime ucyante āsravāḥ parivarjanena prahātavyāḥ.
katame cāsravāḥ pratisevanayā prahātavyāḥ? iha bhikṣavo, bhikṣuḥ pratisaṅkhyāya cīvaraṃ pratisevate na lābhāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūṣaṇāya, yāvadeva daṃśamaśakavātavṛṣṭiśītoṣṇapratighātāya hryapatrapārthañca. pratisaṅkhyāya piṇḍapātaṃ pratisevate na lābhāya na madāya na bṛṃhaṇāya, yāvadevāsya kāyasya sthitaye yāpanāya kleśadaurmanasyaprahāṇāya brahmacaryānugrahāya. iti purāṇañca vyādhiṃ prahāsyāmi navañca vyādhiṃ notpādayiṣyāmi cirasthitaye kṣemāyārogyāya ceti. pratisaṅkhyāya vihāraṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ śayanāsanaṃ ca pratisevate, na lābhāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūṣaṇāya, yāvadeva klamaprativinodanāya viśrāmāya pratisaṃlayanāya ca. pratisaṅkhyāya glānapratyayabhaiṣajyapariṣkāraṃ pratisevate na lābhāya na madāya na bṛṃhaṇāya, yāvadevotpannānāṃ vyādhijānāṃ vedanānāṃ pratighātāya jīvitendriyānugrahāya kṣemāyārogyāya ca. apratisevamānasyāsravā utpadyante kleśā daurmanasyāni ca, pratisevamānasya tu nāsravā utpadyante na kleśā na daurmanasyāni. ime ucyante āsravāḥ pratisevanayā prahātavyāḥ.
katame cāsravā adhivāsanayā prahātavyāḥ? iha bhikṣavo, bhikṣuḥ pāpakānāmakuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ prahāṇāya kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ bhāvanāyārabdhavīryo viharatyutthānasaṃjñayā samanvāgata ekāgramanāḥ saṃprayuktaḥ. kāmaṃ śarīre tvaksnāyvasthimāṃsarudhiramajjāna upaśuṣyantu, na vīryaṃ tyakṣyāmi, yāvadabhipretārthaṃ nādhigacchāmi tāvanna vīryamutsrakṣyāmīti. sa kṣamo bhavati śītoṣṇakṣutpipāsādaṃśamaśakavātātapasarīsṛpasamsparśānām. duruktānāṃ durāgatānāṃ vacanapathānāṃ daṇḍaprahārāṇāñcādhivāsako bhavati. utpannānāṃ śārīrikāṇāṃ vedanānāṃ duḥkhānāṃ tīvrānāṃ kharānāṃ kaṭukānāmamanojñānāṃ prāṇaharānāmadhivāsako bhavati. anadhivāsayata āsravā utpadyante kleśā daurmanasyāni ca, adhivāsayatastu nāsravā utpadyante na kleśā na daurmanasyāni. ime ucyante āsravā adhivāsanayā prahātavyāḥ.
katame cāsravā vinodanayā prahātavyāḥ? iha bhikṣavo, bhikṣurutpannaṃ kāmavitarkaṃ nādhivāsayati prajahāti vinodayati vyantīkarotyanabhāvaṃ gamayati. utpannaṃ vyāpādavitarkaṃ vihiṃsāvitarkaṃ nādhivāsayati prajahāti vinodayati vyantīkarotyanabhāvaṃ gamayati. avinodayata āsravā utpadyante kleśā daurmanasyāni ca, vinodayatastu nāsravā utpadyante na kleśā na daurmanasyāni. ime ucyante āsravā vinodanayā prahātavyāḥ.
katame cāsravā bhāvanayā prahātavyāḥ? iha bhikṣavo, bhikṣuḥ smṛtisaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ bhāvayati vivekaniśritaṃ virāganiśritaṃ nirodhaniśritaṃ vyavasargapariṇāmam. evaṃ dharmapravicayavīryaprītipraśrabdhisamādhisaṃbodhyaṅgāni bhāvayati, upekṣāsaṃbodhyaṅgaṃ saptamaṃ bhāvayati vivekaniśritaṃ virāganiśritaṃ nirodhaniśritaṃ vyavasargapariṇāmam. abhāvayata āsravā utpadyante kleśā daurmanasyāni ca, bhāvayatastu nāsravā utpadyante na kleśā na daurmanasyāni. ime ucyante āsravā bhāvanayā prahātavyāḥ.
yato bhikṣorye āsravā darśanena prahātavyāste darśanena prahīṇā bhavanti. ye āsravā saṃvareṇa prahātavyāste saṃvareṇa prahīṇā bhavanti. ye āsravāḥ parivarjanena prahātavyāste parivarjanena prahīṇā bhavanti. ye āsravāḥ pratisevanayā prahātavyāste pratisevanayā prahīṇā bhavanti. ye āsravā adhivāsanayā prahātavyāste adhivāsanayā prahīṇā bhavanti. ye āsravā vinodanayā prahātavyāste vinodanayā prahīṇā bhavanti. ye āsravā bhāvanayā prahātavyāste bhāvanayā prahīṇā bhavanti. sa evambhūto bhikṣuḥ sarvāsravakṣīṇa ityucyate chinnasaṃyojanaḥ samyagjñānena duḥkhasyāntamakārṣīt.
idamavocadbhagavān. āttamanasaste bhikṣavo bhagavato bhāṣitamabhyanandiṣuḥ.
āsravakṣayasūtraṃ daśamaṃ samāptam.
madhyamāgame saptadharmavargaḥ prathamaḥ samāptaḥ.
