MĀ 26 gauśrāyaṇisūtram

[Translated originally from the Sanskrit Sarvāstivāda Madhyamāgama to Classical Chinese by a team led by Sarvāstivāda scholar Gautama Saṃghadeva of Kāśmīra in 398CE.
Translated from the Chinese Taisho Tripiṭaka back to Sanskrit by Ramakrishnan Suryanarayanan in 2024-26.]

madhyamāgame śāriputrasaṃyuktavarge tṛtīye gauśrāyaṇisūtraṃ ṣaṣṭham.

evaṃ mayā śrutam. ekasminsamaye bhagavānrājagṛhe viharati sma veṇuvane kalandakanivāpe.

tasminsamaye gauśrāyaṇirapi bhikṣū rājagṛhe viharati smāraṇye śayanāsane, uddhataḥ pragalbhaścapalo muṣitasmṛtirmarkaṭacittaḥ. sa ca gauśrāyaṇirbhikṣuḥ kenacideva karaṇīyena rājagṛhamanuprāptaḥ. tasminsamaya āyuṣmāñchāriputro mahatā bhikṣusaṅghena sārdhaṃ paścādbhaktaṃ alpena kenacitkāryeṇopasthānaśālāyāṃ sannipatitaḥ sanniṣaṇṇo'bhūt. gauśrāyaṇirapi bhikṣuḥ, rājagṛhe svakaṃ karaṇīyaṃ kṛtvā, yenopasthānaśālā tenopajagāma.

āyuṣmāñchāriputro dūrādeva gauśrāyaṇim bhikṣumāgacchantaṃ dadarśa. dṛṣṭvā ca punargauśrāyaṇiṃ bhikṣumārabhya bhikṣūnāmantrayata—

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā sagauraveṇa sapratīśena bhavitavyam, sabrahmacāriṣu sagauraveṇa sapratīśena bhavitavyam.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharanbahvagauravo'pratīśo viharatyananulomikadṛṣṭiśca, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharanbahvagauravo'pratīśo viharatyananulomikadṛṣṭiśca. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā sagauraveṇa sapratīśena bhavitavyam, sabrahmacāriṣu sagauraveṇa sapratīśena bhavitavyam.

“āyuṣmanta, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatānuddhatena bhavitavyamacapalena ca.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharannuddhataścapalaśca viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharannuddhataścapalaśca viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatānuddhatena bhavitavyamacapalena ca.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatātiraścīnakathikena bhavitavyam.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharanbahvīṃ tiraścīnakathāṃ karoti, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharanbahvīṃ tiraścīnakathāṃ karoti. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatātiraścīnakathikena bhavitavyam.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatānunnaḍena bhavitavyamamukhareṇa ca.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharanpragalbho bahubhāṣaśca viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vārāṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharanpragalbho bahubhāṣaśca viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatānunnaḍena bhavitavyamamukhareṇa ca.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatendriyeṣu guptadvāreṇa bhavitavyam.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharannindriyeṣvaguptadvāro viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharannindriyeṣvaguptadvāro viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatendriyeṣu guptadvāreṇa bhavitavyam.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā bhojane mātrajñena bhavitavyam.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharangṛddho'timātramaśnātyasantuṣṭo viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharangṛddho'timātramaśnātyasantuṣṭo viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā bhojane mātrajñena bhavitavyam.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatārabdhavīryeṇa bhavitavyamakusīdena ca.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇyeviharanhīnavīryaḥ kusīdo viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharanhīnavīryaḥ kusīdo viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatārabdhavīryeṇa bhavitavyamakusīdena ca.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatopasthitasmṛtinā samprajānatā ca bhavitavyam.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharanmuṣitasmṛtirasamprajānan viharati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharanmuṣitasmṛtirasamprajānan viharati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatopasthitasmṛtinā samprajānatā ca bhavitavyam.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā kālajñena samayajñena ca bhavitavyam, nātikālaṃ grāmaṃ piṇḍāya praveṣṭavyaṃ nātidivā pratikramitavyam.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharannakālajño'samayajño viharannatikālaṃ grāmaṃ piṇḍāya praviśatyatidivā ca pratikrāmati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharannakālajño'samayajño viharannatikālaṃ grāmaṃ piṇḍāya praviśatyatidivā ca pratikrāmati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā kālajñena samayajñena ca bhavitavyam.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatāsanajñena samayāsanajñena ca bhavitavyam, na sthavirā bhikṣava āsanenopabādhayitavyā na ca navakā bhikṣavaḥ kṣeptavyāḥ.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharannanāsanajño'samayāsanajño viharaṃsthavirānbhikṣūnāsanebhyo bādhate navakāṃśca bhikṣūnkṣipati, tarhi sabrahmacāriṇastamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharannanāsanajño'samayāsanajño viharaṃsthavirānbhikṣūnāsanebhyo bādhate navakāṃśca bhikṣūnkṣipati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatāsanajñena samayāsanajñena ca bhavitavyam.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā vinaye'bhidharme ca kathā kartavyā. tatkasya hetoḥ? āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakaṃ bhikṣumāraṇyake viharantaṃ kadācidevopasaṅkramyānye vinaye'bhidharme ca praśnaṃ pṛcchanti.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharanvinaye'bhidharme ca praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati, tarhi te tamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharanvinaye'bhidharme ca praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā vinaye'bhidharme ca kathā kartavyā.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā ye te śāntā vimokṣā atikramya rūpāṇyārūpyāsteṣu kathā kartavyā. tatkasya hetoḥ? āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakaṃ bhikṣumāraṇyake viharantaṃ kadācidevopasaṅkramyānye śānteṣu vimokṣeṣvatikramya rūpāṇyārūpyeṣu praśnaṃ pṛcchanti.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharañśānteṣu vimokṣeṣvatikramya rūpāṇyārūpyeṣu praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati, tarhi te tamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharañśānteṣu vimokṣeṣvatikramya rūpāṇyārūpyeṣu praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatā ye te śāntā vimokṣā atikramya rūpāṇyārūpyāsteṣu kathā kartavyā.

“āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatāsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ kathā kartavyā. tatkasya hetoḥ? āyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakaṃ bhikṣumāraṇyake viharantaṃ kadācidevopasaṅkramyānya āsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ praśnaṃ pṛcchanti.

“yadyāyuṣmanta, āraṇyako bhikṣuraraṇye viharannāsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati, tarhi te tamupavadeyuḥ kṣipeyuśca—'ayaṃ khalvāyuṣmānāraṇyakaḥ kimarthaṃ vāraṇye viharati? tatkasya hetoḥ? ayamāyuṣmānāraṇyako'raṇye viharannāsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ praśnaṃ pṛṣṭo na visarjayati. yadi sa saṅghamadhye'pi gacchettatrāpi sabrahmacāribhirupavadyeta kṣipyeta ceti.' tasmāttarhyāyuṣmantaḥ, āraṇyakena bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharatāsravakṣayajñānābhijñāyāṃ kathā kartavyā.”

tasminsamaya āyuṣmānmahāmaudgalyāyano'pi tasyāṃ pariṣadi sanniṣaṇṇo'bhūt. athāyuṣmānmahāmaudgalyāyano'vocat—”āyuṣmañchāriputra, kimāraṇyakenaiva bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharateme evaṃrūpā dharmāḥ śikṣitavyāḥ, na punargrāmāntavihāriṇā bhikṣuṇeti?”

āyuṣmāñchāriputro'vocat—”āyuṣmanmahāmaudgalyāyana, āraṇyakenāpi bhikṣuṇāraṇye viharataime evaṃrūpā dharmāḥ śikṣitavyāḥ, kaḥ punarvādo grāmāntavihāriṇā bhikṣuṇeti.”

ityetāvubhau satpuruṣāvanyonyaṃ samabhinandya, anyonyaṃ sādhukāraṃ dattvā, anyonyabhāṣitamabhinandyotthāyāsanātprakrāntau.

sagauravo'nuddhataśca tiryagvāgunnaḍojjhitaḥ |
guptadvāro mitāhāraḥ vīryavān smṛtisamprajñaḥ ||
ārabdhavīryaḥ samprajñaḥ kālāsanaviśāradaḥ |
kālajñaśca tathāsane vinaye cābhidharmake ||
śāntārūpyavimokṣeṣu jñāne cāsravakṣaye'pi |
āraṇyakena satataṃ śikṣitavyamidaṃ sadā ||

gauśrāyaṇisūtraṃ ṣaṣṭhaṃ samāptam.