madhyamanikāyaḥ 19 - dvidhāvitarkasūtram

evaṃ mayā śrutam — ekasmin samaye bhagavān śrāvastyāṃ viharati sma jetavane anāthapiṇḍadasya ārāme . tatra khalu bhagavān bhikṣūn āmantrayata — bhikṣavaḥ iti .

bhadanta iti te bhikṣavaḥ bhagavataḥ pratyaśrauṣuḥ . bhagavān etad avocat —

pūrvam eva me, bhikṣavaḥ, saṃbodheḥ anabhisambuddhasya bodhiśaktasya eva sataḥ etad abhūt — yat nūnam ahaṃ dvidhā kṛtvā dvidhā kṛtvā vitarkān vihareyam iti . saḥ khalu aham, bhikṣavaḥ, yaḥ ca ayaṃ kāmavitarkaḥ yaḥ ca vyāpādavitarkaḥ yaḥ ca vihiṃsāvitarkaḥ — imam ekaṃ bhāgam akārṣam ; yaḥ ca ayaṃ naiṣkramyavitarkaḥ yaḥ ca avyāpādavitarkaḥ yaḥ ca avihiṃsāvitarkaḥ — imaṃ dvitīyaṃ bhāgam akārṣam .

tasya mama, bhikṣavaḥ, evam apramattasya ātāpinaḥ prahitātmanaḥ viharataḥ utpadyate kāmavitarkaḥ . saḥ aham evaṃ prajānāmi — utpannaḥ khalu me ayaṃ kāmavitarkaḥ . saḥ ca khalu ātmavyābādhāya api saṃvartate, paravyābādhāya api saṃvartate, ubhayavyābādhāya api saṃvartate, prajñānirodhikaḥ vighātapakṣikaḥ anirvāṇāvahaḥ . ātmavyābādhāya saṃvartate iti api me, bhikṣavaḥ, pratisaṃcakṣamāṇasya abhi astaṃ gacchati ; paravyābādhāya saṃvartate iti api me, bhikṣavaḥ, pratisaṃcakṣamāṇasya abhi astaṃ gacchati ; ubhayavyābādhāya saṃvartate iti api me, bhikṣavaḥ, pratisaṃcakṣamāṇasya abhi astaṃ gacchati ; prajñānirodhikaḥ vighātapakṣikaḥ anirvāṇāvahaḥ iti api me, bhikṣavaḥ, pratisaṃcakṣamāṇasya abhi astaṃ gacchati . saḥ khalu aham, bhikṣavaḥ, utpannotpannaṃ kāmavitarkaṃ prajahan eva vinodayan eva vyantam eva enam akārṣam .

tasya mama, bhikṣavaḥ, evam apramattasya ātāpinaḥ prahitātmanaḥ viharataḥ utpadyate vyāpādavitarkaḥ … utpadyate vihiṃsāvitarkaḥ . saḥ aham evaṃ prajānāmi — utpannaḥ khalu me ayaṃ vihiṃsāvitarkaḥ . saḥ ca khalu ātmavyābādhāya api saṃvartate, paravyābādhāya api saṃvartate, ubhayavyābādhāya api saṃvartate, prajñānirodhikaḥ vighātapakṣikaḥ anirvāṇāvahaḥ . ātmavyābādhāya saṃvartate iti api me, bhikṣavaḥ, pratisaṃcakṣamāṇasya abhi astaṃ gacchati ; paravyābādhāya saṃvartate iti api me, bhikṣavaḥ, pratisaṃcakṣamāṇasya abhi astaṃ gacchati ; ubhayavyābādhāya saṃvartate iti api me, bhikṣavaḥ, pratisaṃcakṣamāṇasya abhi astaṃ gacchati ; prajñānirodhikaḥ vighātapakṣikaḥ anirvāṇāvahaḥ iti api me, bhikṣavaḥ, pratisaṃcakṣamāṇasya abhi astaṃ gacchati . saḥ khalu aham, bhikṣavaḥ, utpannotpannaṃ vihiṃsāvitarkaṃ prajahan eva vinodayan eva vyantam eva enam akārṣam .

yat yad eva, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ bahulam anuvitarkayati anuvicārayati, tathā tathā natiḥ bhavati cetasaḥ . kāmavitarkaṃ cet, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ bahulam anuvitarkayati anuvicārayati, prājahīt naiṣkramyavitarkam, kāmavitarkaṃ bahulam akārṣīt, tasya tat kāmavitarkāya cittaṃ namati . vyāpādavitarkaṃ cet, bhikṣavaḥ … vihiṃsāvitarkaṃ cet, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ bahulam anuvitarkayati anuvicārayati, prājahīt avihiṃsāvitarkam, vihiṃsāvitarkaṃ bahulam akārṣīt, tasya tat vihiṃsāvitarkāya cittaṃ namati .

tadyathā api, bhikṣavaḥ, varṣāṇāṃ paścime māse śaratsamaye kṛṣṭasaṃbādhe gopālakaḥ gāḥ rakṣet . saḥ tāḥ gāḥ tataḥ tataḥ daṇḍena ākoṭayet pratyākoṭayet saṃnirundhyāt saṃnivārayet . tat kasya hetoḥ ? paśyati hi saḥ, bhikṣavaḥ, gopālakaḥ tatonidānaṃ vadhaṃ vā bandhanaṃ vā jyāniṃ vā garhāṃ vā .

evam eva khalu aham, bhikṣavaḥ, adrākṣam akuśalānāṃ dharmāṇām ādīnavam avakāraṃ saṃkleśam, kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ naiṣkramye ānuśaṃsaṃ vyavadānapakṣam .

tasya mama, bhikṣavaḥ, evam apramattasya ātāpinaḥ prahitātmanaḥ viharataḥ utpadyate naiṣkramyavitarkaḥ . saḥ aham evaṃ prajānāmi — utpannaḥ khalu me ayaṃ naiṣkramyavitarkaḥ . saḥ ca khalu na eva ātmavyābādhāya saṃvartate, na paravyābādhāya saṃvartate, na ubhayavyābādhāya saṃvartate, prajñāvṛddhikaḥ avighātapakṣikaḥ nirvāṇāvahaḥ . rātriṃ cet api enam, bhikṣavaḥ, anuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, na eva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi . divasaṃ cet api enam, bhikṣavaḥ, anuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, na eva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi . rātriṃdivaṃ cet api enam, bhikṣavaḥ, anuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, na eva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi . api ca khalu me aticiram anuvitarkayataḥ anuvicārayataḥ kāyaḥ klamyeta . kāye klānte cittam udvijyeta. udvigne citte ārāt cittaṃ samādheḥ iti . saḥ khalu aham, bhikṣavaḥ, adhyātmam eva cittaṃ saṃsthāpayāmi saṃniṣādayāmi ekāgrī karomi samādadhāmi . tat kasya hetoḥ ? mā me cittam udveji iti .

tasya mama, bhikṣavaḥ, evam apramattasya ātāpinaḥ prahitātmanaḥ viharataḥ utpadyate avyāpādavitarkaḥ … utpadyate avihiṃsāvitarkaḥ . saḥ aham evaṃ prajānāmi — utpannaḥ khalu me ayam avihiṃsāvitarkaḥ . saḥ ca khalu na eva ātmavyābādhāya saṃvartate, na paravyābādhāya saṃvartate, na ubhayavyābādhāya saṃvartate, prajñāvṛddhikaḥ avighātapakṣikaḥ nirvāṇāvahaḥ . rātriṃ cet api enam, bhikṣavaḥ, anuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, na eva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi . divasaṃ cet api enam, bhikṣavaḥ, anuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, na eva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi . rātriṃdivaṃ cet api enam, bhikṣavaḥ, anuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, na eva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi . api ca khalu me aticiram anuvitarkayataḥ anuvicārayataḥ kāyaḥ klamyeta . kāye klānte cittam udvijyeta. udvigne citte ārāt cittaṃ samādheḥ iti . saḥ khalu aham, bhikṣavaḥ, adhyātmam eva cittaṃ saṃsthāpayāmi, saṃniṣādayāmi, ekāgrī karomi samādadhāmi . tat kasya hetoḥ ? mā me cittam udveji iti .

yat yad eva, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ bahulam anuvitarkayati anuvicārayati, tathā tathā natiḥ bhavati cetasaḥ . naiṣkramyavitarkaṃ cet, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ bahulam anuvitarkayati anuvicārayati, prājahīt kāmavitarkam, naiṣkramyavitarkaṃ bahulam akārṣīt, tasya tat naiṣkramyavitarkāya cittaṃ namati . avyāpādavitarkaṃ cet, bhikṣavaḥ … avihiṃsāvitarkaṃ cet, bhikṣavaḥ, bhikṣuḥ bahulam anuvitarkayati anuvicārayati, prājahīt vihiṃsāvitarkam, avihiṃsāvitarkaṃ bahulam akārṣīt, tasya tat avihiṃsāvitarkāya cittaṃ namati .

tadyathā api, bhikṣavaḥ, grīṣmāṇāṃ paścime māse sarvasasyeṣu grāmāntasaṃbhṛteṣu gopālakaḥ gāḥ rakṣet, tasya vṛkṣamūlagatasya vā abhyavakāśagatasya vā smṛtikaraṇīyam eva bhavati — etāḥ gāvaḥ iti . evam eva khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, smṛtikaraṇīyam eva abhūt — ete dharmāḥ iti .

ārabdhaṃ khalu punar me, bhikṣavaḥ, vīryam abhūt asamlīnam, upasthitā smṛtiḥ asaṃmūḍhā, praśrabdhakāyaḥ asaṃrabdhaḥ, samāhitaṃ cittam ekāgram .

saḥ khalu aham, bhikṣavaḥ, vivicya eva kāmebhyaḥ vivicya akuśalebhyaḥ dharmebhyaḥ savitarkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ prītisukhaṃ prathamaṃ dhyānam upasaṃpadya vyahārṣam .

vitarkavicārayoḥ vyupaśamāt adhyātmaṃ saṃprasādanaṃ cetasaḥ ekāgrībhāvam avitarkam avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ prītisukhaṃ dvitīyaṃ dhyānam upasaṃpadya vyahārṣam .

prītyāḥ ca virāgāt upekṣakaḥ ca vyahārṣam smṛtimān ca saṃprajānan, sukhaṃ ca kāyena pratisamavedayam, yat tad āryāḥ ācakṣate upekṣakaḥ smṛtimān sukhavihārī iti, tṛtīyaṃ dhyānam upasaṃpadya vyahārṣam .

sukhasya ca prahāṇāt duḥkhasya ca prahāṇāt pūrvam eva saumanasyadaurmanasyayoḥ astaṃgamāt aduḥkhamasukham upekṣāsmṛtipāriśuddhiṃ caturthaṃ dhyānam upasaṃpadya vyahārṣam .

saḥ evaṃ samāhite citte pariśuddhe paryavadāte anaṅgaṇe vigatopakleśe mṛdubhūte karmaṇye sthite āniñjyaprāpte pūrvanivāsānusmṛtijñānāya cittam abhinyanāmayam . saḥ aham anekavihitaṃ pūrvanivāsam anusmarāmi . tadyathā — ekām api jātim … iti sākāraṃ soddeśam anekavihitaṃ pūrvanivāsam anusmarāmi .

iyam khalu me, bhikṣavaḥ, rātryāḥ prathame yāme prathamā vidyā adhigatā ; avidyā vihatā vidyā utpannā ; tamaḥ vihataḥ ālokaḥ utpannaḥ ; yathā tad apramattasya ātāpinaḥ prahitātmanaḥ viharataḥ .

saḥ evaṃ samāhite citte pariśuddhe paryavadāte anaṅgaṇe vigatopakleśe mṛdubhūte karmaṇye sthite āniñjyaprāpte sattvānāṃ cyutyupapātayoḥ jñānāya cittam abhinyanāmayam . saḥ ahaṃ divyena cakṣuṣā viśuddhena atikrāntamānuṣakeṇa sattvān paśyāmi cyavamānān upapadyamānān … ime bata bhavantaḥ sattvāḥ kāyaduścaritena samanvāgatāḥ … iti divyena cakṣuṣā viśuddhena atikrāntamānuṣakeṇa sattvān paśyāmi cyavamānān upapadyamānān hīnān praṇītān suvarṇān durvarṇān sugatān durgatān, yathākarmopagān sattvān prajānāmi .

iyam khalu me, bhikṣavaḥ, rātryāḥ madhyame yāme dvitīyā vidyā adhigatā ; avidyā vihatā vidyā utpannā ; tamaḥ vihataḥ ālokaḥ utpannaḥ ; yathā tad apramattasya ātāpinaḥ prahitātmanaḥ viharataḥ .

saḥ evaṃ samāhite citte pariśuddhe paryavadāte anaṅgaṇe vigatopakleśe mṛdubhūte karmaṇye sthite āniñjyaprāpte āsravāṇāṃ kṣayajñānāya cittam abhinyanāmayam . saḥ idaṃ duḥkham iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsiṣam, ayaṃ duḥkhasamudayaḥ iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsiṣam, ayaṃ duḥkhanirodhaḥ iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsiṣam, iyam duḥkhanirodhagāminī pratipad iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsiṣam .

ime āsravāḥ iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsiṣam, ayam āsravasamudayaḥ iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsiṣam, ayam āsravanirodhaḥ iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsiṣam, iyam āsravanirodhagāminī pratipad iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsiṣam . tasya me evaṃ jānataḥ evaṃ paśyataḥ kāmāsravāt api cittaṃ vyamucyata, bhavāsravāt api cittaṃ vyamucyata, avidyāsravāt api cittaṃ vyamucyata, vimukte vimuktam iti jñānam abhūt — kṣīṇā jātiḥ, uṣitaṃ brahmacaryam, kṛtaṃ karaṇīyam, na aparam itthatvāya iti abhyajñāsiṣam .

iyam khalu me, bhikṣavaḥ, rātryāḥ paścime yāme tṛtīyā vidyā adhigatā ; avidyā vihatā vidyā utpannā ; tamaḥ vihataḥ ālokaḥ utpannaḥ ; yathā tad apramattasya ātāpinaḥ prahitātmanaḥ viharataḥ .

tadyathā api, bhikṣavaḥ, araṇye vane mahat nimnaṃ palvalam . tad enad mahāmṛgasaṃghaḥ upaniśritya viharet . tasya kaścit eva puruṣaḥ utpadyeta anarthakāmaḥ ahitakāmaḥ ayogakṣemakāmaḥ . yaḥ asya mārgaḥ kṣemaḥ svastikaḥ prītigamanīyaḥ saḥ taṃ mārgaṃ pidadhyāt, vivṛṇuyāt kumārgam, avadadhyāt okacaram, sthāpayet okacārikām . evam hi saḥ, bhikṣavaḥ, mahāmṛgasaṃghaḥ apareṇa samayena anayavyasanam āpadyeta . tasya eva khalu punaḥ, bhikṣavaḥ, mahataḥ mṛgasaṃghasya kaścit eva puruṣaḥ utpadyeta arthakāmaḥ hitakāmaḥ yogakṣemakāmaḥ . yaḥ asya mārgaḥ kṣemaḥ svastikaḥ prītigamanīyaḥ saḥ taṃ mārgaṃ vivṛṇuyāt, pidadhyāt kumārgam, uddhanyāt okacaram, nāśayet okacārikām . evam hi saḥ, bhikṣavaḥ, mahāmṛgasaṃghaḥ apareṇa samayena vṛddhiṃ virūḍhiṃ vaipulyam āpadyeta .

upamā khalu me iyam, bhikṣavaḥ, kṛtā arthasya vijñāpanāya . ayam ca eva atra arthaḥ — mahat nimnaṃ palvalam iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, kāmānām etad adhivacanam . mahāmṛgasaṃghaḥ iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, sattvānām etad adhivacanam . puruṣaḥ anarthakāmaḥ ahitakāmaḥ ayogakṣemakāmaḥ iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, mārasya etad pāpīyasaḥ adhivacanam . kumārgaḥ iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, aṣṭāṅgasya etad mithyāmārgasya adhivacanam, tadyathā — mithyādṛṣṭyāḥ mithyāsaṃkalpasya mithyāvācaḥ mithyākarmāntasya mithyājīvasya mithyāvyāyāmasya mithyāsmṛtyāḥ mithyāsamādheḥ . okacaraḥ iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, nandīrāgasya etad adhivacanam . okacārikā iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, avidyāyāḥ etad adhivacanam . puruṣaḥ arthakāmaḥ hitakāmaḥ yogakṣemakāmaḥ iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, tathāgatasya etad adhivacanam arhatas samyaksambuddhasya . kṣemaḥ mārgaḥ svastikaḥ prītigamanīyaḥ iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, āryasya etad aṣṭāṅgasya mārgasya adhivacanam, tadyathā — samyagdṛṣṭyāḥ samyaksaṃkalpasya samyagvācaḥ samyakkarmāntasya samyagājīvasya samyagvyāyāmasya samyaksmṛtyāḥ samyaksamādheḥ .

iti khalu, bhikṣavaḥ, vivṛtaḥ mayā kṣemaḥ mārgaḥ svastikaḥ prītigamanīyaḥ, pihitaḥ kumārgaḥ, uddhṛtaḥ okacaraḥ, nāśitā okacārikā .

yat, bhikṣavaḥ, śāstrā karaṇīyaṃ śrāvakāṇāṃ hitaiṣiṇā anukampakena anukampām upādāya, kṛtaṃ vaḥ tad mayā . etāni, bhikṣavaḥ, vṛkṣamūlāni, etāni śūnyāgārāṇi ; dhyāyata, bhikṣavaḥ, mā pramādiṣṭa; mā paścāt vipratisāriṇaḥ bhūta . iyam vaḥ asmākam anuśāsanī iti .

idam avocat bhagavān . āttamanasaḥ te bhikṣavaḥ bhagavataḥ bhāṣitam abhyanandiṣuḥ .

dvidhāvitarkasūtraṃ niṣṭhitaṃ navamam .