madhyamanikāyasūktam 19 - dvidhāvitarkasūktam

evam mayā śrutam—ekasmin samaye bhagavān śrāvastyāṃ vyahārṣīj jetavane 'nāthapiṇḍadasyārāme. tatra khalu bhagavān bhikṣūn āmantrayata: “bhikṣava” iti.

“bhadanta” iti te bhikṣavo bhagavate pratyaśrauṣuḥ. bhagavān etad avocat:

“prāg eva me bhikṣavaḥ sambodhād anabhisambuddhasya bodhisattvasyaiva sata etad abhūt: 'yan nv ahaṃ dvidhā kṛtvā dvidhā kṛtvā vitarkān vihareyam' iti. sa khalv ahaṃ bhikṣavo yaścāyaṃ kāmavitarko yaśca vyāpādavitarko yaśca vihiṃsāvitarkaḥ—imam ekaṃ bhāgam akārṣam; yaścāyaṃ naiṣkramyavitarko yaścāvyāpādavitarko yaścāvihiṃsāvitarkaḥ—imaṃ dvitīyaṃ bhāgam akārṣam.

tasya mahyaṃ bhikṣava evam apramattasyātāpinaḥ prahitātmano viharata udapādi kāmavitarkaḥ. sa evaṃ prājānām: 'utpannaḥ khalu me 'yaṃ kāmavitarkaḥ. sa ca khalv ātmavyābādhāyāpi saṃvartate, paravyābādhāyāpi saṃvartate, ubhayavyābādhāyāpi saṃvartate, prajñānirodhiko vighātapakṣiko 'nirvāṇasaṃvartanikaḥ'. 'ātmavyābādhāya saṃvartate' iti me bhikṣavaḥ pratisaṃcakṣāṇasyābhyastam agamat; 'paravyābādhāya saṃvartate' iti me bhikṣavaḥ pratisaṃcakṣāṇasyābhyastam agamat; 'ubhayavyābādhāya saṃvartate' iti me bhikṣavaḥ pratisaṃcakṣāṇasyābhyastam agamat; 'prajñānirodhiko vighātapakṣiko 'nirvāṇasaṃvartanika' iti me bhikṣavaḥ pratisaṃcakṣāṇasyābhyastam agamat. sa khalv ahaṃ bhikṣava utpannotpannaṃ kāmavitarkaṃ prajahann eva vinudann eva vyantam evainam akārṣam.

tasya mahyaṃ bhikṣava evam apramattasyātāpinaḥ prahitātmano viharata udapādi vyāpādavitarkaḥ … yathāpūrvam … udapādi vihiṃsāvitarkaḥ. sa evaṃ prājānām: 'utpannaḥ khalu me 'yaṃ vihiṃsāvitarkaḥ. sa ca khalv ātmavyābādhāyāpi saṃvartate, paravyābādhāyāpi saṃvartate, ubhayavyābādhāyāpi saṃvartate, prajñānirodhiko vighātapakṣiko 'nirvāṇasaṃvartanikaḥ'. 'ātmavyābādhāya saṃvartate' iti me bhikṣavaḥ pratisaṃcakṣāṇasyābhyastam agamat; 'paravyābādhāya saṃvartate' iti me bhikṣavaḥ pratisaṃcakṣāṇasyābhyastam agamat; 'ubhayavyābādhāya saṃvartate' iti me bhikṣavaḥ pratisaṃcakṣāṇasyābhyastam agamat; 'prajñānirodhiko vighātapakṣiko 'nirvāṇasaṃvartanika' iti me bhikṣavaḥ pratisaṃcakṣāṇasyābhyastam agamat. sa khalv ahaṃ bhikṣava utpannotpannaṃ vihiṃsāvitarkaṃ prajahann eva vinudann eva vyantam evainam akārṣam.

yad yad eva bhikṣavo bhikṣur bahulam anuvitarkayaty anuvicārayati, tathā tathā natir bhavati cetasaḥ. kāmavitarkaṃ ced bhikṣavo bhikṣur bahulam anuvitarkayaty anuvicārayati, prāhāsīn naiṣkramyavitarkam, kāmavitarkaṃ bahulam akārṣīt, tasya tat kāmavitarkāya cittaṃ namati. vyāpādavitarkaṃ ced bhikṣavaḥ … yathāpūrvam … vihiṃsāvitarkaṃ ced bhikṣavo bhikṣur bahulam anuvitarkayaty anuvicārayati, prāhāsīd avihiṃsāvitarkam, vihiṃsāvitarkaṃ bahulam akārṣīt, tasya tad avihiṃsāvitarkāya cittaṃ namati.

tadyathāpi bhikṣavo varṣāṇāṃ paścime māse śaratsamaye kṛṣṭasambādhe gopālako gāvo rakṣet. sa tā gāvas tatas tato daṇḍenākoṭayet pratikoṭayet sannirundhyāt sannivārayet. tat kasya hetoḥ? paśyati hi sa bhikṣavo gopālakas tatonidānaṃ vadhaṃ vā bandhanaṃ vā jyāniṃ vā garhāṃ vā.

evam eva khalv ahaṃ bhikṣavo 'drākṣam akuśalānāṃ dharmānām ādīnavam avakāraṃ saṃkleśam, kuśalānāṃ dharmānāṃ naiṣkramya ānṛśaṃsyaṃ vyavadānapakṣam.

tasya mahyaṃ bhikṣava evam apramattasyātāpinaḥ prahitātmano viharata udapādi naiṣkramyavitarkaḥ. sa evaṃ prājānām: 'utpannaḥ khalu me 'yaṃ naiṣkramyavitarkaḥ. sa ca khalu naivātmavyābādhāya saṃvartate, na paravyābādhāya saṃvartate, nobhayavyābādhāya saṃvartate, prajñāvṛddhiko 'vighātapakṣiko nirvāṇasaṃvartanikaḥ'. rātriṃ ced apy enaṃ bhikṣavo 'nuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, naiva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi. divasaṃ ced apy enaṃ bhikṣavo 'nuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, naiva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi. rātrindivaṃ ced apy enaṃ bhikṣavo 'nuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, naiva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi. api ca khalu me 'ticiram anuvitarkayato 'nuvicārayataḥ kāyaḥ klāmyet. kāye klānte cittam uddhanyeta. uddhate citte ārāc cittaṃ samādher iti. sa khalv ahaṃ bhikṣavo 'dhyātmam eva cittaṃ samasthāpayam sannyasādayam ekodyakaravaṃ samādadhām. tat kasya hetoḥ? 'mā me cittam uddhānī'ti.

tasya mahyaṃ bhikṣava evam apramattasyātāpinaḥ prahitātmano viharata udapādy avyāpādavitarkaḥ … yathāpūrvam … udapādy avihiṃsāvitarkaḥ. sa evaṃ prājānām: 'utpannaḥ khalu me 'yam avihiṃsāvitarkaḥ. sa ca khalu naivātmavyābādhāya saṃvartate, na paravyābādhāya saṃvartate, nobhayavyābādhāya saṃvartate, prajñāvṛddhiko 'vighātapakṣiko nirvāṇasaṃvartanikaḥ'. rātriṃ ced apy enaṃ bhikṣavo 'nuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, naiva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi. divasaṃ ced apy enaṃ bhikṣavo 'nuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, naiva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi. rātrindivaṃ ced apy enaṃ bhikṣavo 'nuvitarkayeyam anuvicārayeyam, naiva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupaśyāmi. api ca khalu me 'ticiram anuvitarkayato 'nuvicārayataḥ kāyaḥ klāmyet. kāye klānte cittam uddhanyeta. uddhate citte ārāc cittaṃ samādher iti. sa khalv ahaṃ bhikṣavo 'dhyātmam eva cittaṃ samasthāpayam, sannyasādayam, ekodyakaravaṃ samādadhām. tat kasya hetoḥ? 'mā me cittam uddhānī'ti.

yad yad eva bhikṣavo bhikṣur bahulam anuvitarkayaty anuvicārayati, tathā tathā natir bhavati cetasaḥ. naiṣkramyavitarkaṃ ced bhikṣavo bhikṣur bahulam anuvitarkayaty anuvicārayati, prāhāsīt kāmavitarkam, naiṣkramyavitarkaṃ bahulam akārṣīt, tasya tan naiṣkramyavitarkāya cittaṃ namati. avyāpādavitarkaṃ ced bhikṣavaḥ … yathāpūrvam … avihiṃsāvitarkaṃ ced bhikṣavo bhikṣur bahulam anuvitarkayaty anuvicārayati, prāhāsīd vihiṃsāvitarkam, avihiṃsāvitarkaṃ bahulam akārṣīt, tasya tad avihiṃsāvitarkāya cittaṃ namati.

tadyathāpi bhikṣavo grīṣmāṇāṃ paścime māse sarvasasyeṣu grāmāntasambhṛteṣu gopālako gāvo rakṣet, tasya vṛkṣamūlagatasya vābhyavakāśagatasya vā smṛtikaraṇīyam eva bhavati: 'etā gāva' iti. evam eva khalu bhikṣavaḥ smṛtikaraṇīyam evābhūt: 'ete dharmā' iti.

ārabdhaṃ khalu punar me bhikṣavo vīryam abhūd asanlīnam, upasthitā smṛtir asammūḍhā, prasrabdhaḥ kāyo 'sārabdhaḥ, samāhitaṃ cittam ekāgram.

sa khalv ahaṃ bhikṣavo vivicy aiva kāmair vivicy ākuśalair dharmaiḥ savitarkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ prītisukhaṃ prathamaṃ dhyānam upasampadya vyahārṣam.

vitarkavicārayor vyupaśamād adhyātmaṃ samprasādanaṃ cetasa ekodībhāvam avitarkam avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ prītisukhaṃ dvitīyaṃ dhyānam upasampadya vyahārṣam.

prītyā ca virāgād upekṣakaś ca vyahārṣaṃ smṛtaś ca samprajānan, sukhaṃ ca kāyena pratyasaṃvedayam, yat tad āryā ācakṣate 'upekṣakaḥ smṛtimān sukhavihārī'ti, tṛtīyaṃ dhyānam upasampadya vyahārṣam.

sukhasya ca prahāṇād duḥkhasya ca prahāṇāt pūrvam eva saumanasyadaurmanasyayor astaṅgamād aduḥkhāsukham upekṣāsmṛtipāriśuddhiṃ caturthaṃ dhyānam upasampadya vyahārṣam.

sa evaṃ samāhite citte pariśuddhe paryavadāte 'naṅgaṇe vigatopakleśe mṛdūbhūte karmaṇye sthite āniñjyaprāpte pūrvanivāsānusmṛtijñānāya cittam abhyanināmayam. so 'nekavihitaṃ pūrvanivāsam anvasmaram. tadyathāpi—ekām api jātim … yathāpūrvam … iti sākāraṃ soddeśam anekavihitaṃ pūrvanivāsam anvasmaram.

iyaṃ khalu me bhikṣavo rātreḥ prathame yāme prathamā vidyādhigatā; avidyā vihatā vidyotpannā; tamo vihatam ālokotpannaḥ; yathā tad apramattasyātāpinaḥ prahitātmano viharataḥ.

sa evaṃ samāhite citte pariśuddhe paryavadāte 'naṅgaṇe vigatopakleśe mṛdūbhūte karmaṇye sthite āniñjyaprāpte sattvānāṃ cyutyupapātajñānāya cittam abhyanināmayam. sa divyena cakṣuṣā viśuddhenātikrāntamānuṣakeṇa sattvān apaśyaṃ cyavamānān upapadyamānān … yathāpūrvam … ime vata bhavantaḥ sattvāḥ kāyaduścaritena samanvāgatāḥ … yathāpūrvam … iti divyena cakṣuṣā viśuddhenātikrāntamānuṣakeṇa sattvān apaśyaṃ cyavamānān upapadyamānān hīnān praṇītān suvarṇān durvarṇān sugatān durgatān, yathākarmopagān sattvān prājānām.

iyaṃ khalu me bhikṣavo rātrer madhyame yāme dvitīyā vidyādhigatā; avidyā vihatā vidyotpannā; tamo vihatam ālokotpannaḥ; yathā tad apramattasyātāpinaḥ prahitātmano viharataḥ.

sa evaṃ samāhite citte pariśuddhe paryavadāte 'naṅgaṇe vigatopakleśe mṛdūbhūte karmaṇye sthite āniñjyaprāpte āsravāṇāṃ kṣayajñānāya cittam abhyanināmayam. sa 'idaṃ duḥkham' iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsam, 'ayaṃ duḥkhasamudaya' iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsam, 'ayaṃ duḥkhanirodha' iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsam, 'iyaṃ duḥkhanirodhagāminī pratipad' iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsam.

'ime āsravā' iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsam, 'ayam āsravasamudaya' iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsam, 'ayam āsravanirodha' iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsam, 'iyam āsravanirodhagāminī pratipad' iti yathābhūtam abhyajñāsam. tasya ma evaṃ jānata evaṃ paśyataḥ kāmāsravād api cittaṃ vyamucyata, bhavāsravād api cittaṃ vyamucyata, avidyāsravād api cittaṃ vyamucyata, vimukte vimuktam iti jñānam abhūt: 'kṣīṇā jātiḥ, uṣitaṃ brahmacaryam, kṛtaṃ karaṇīyam, nāparam itthattvāya' ity abhyajñāsam.

iyaṃ khalu me bhikṣavo rātreḥ paścime yāme tṛtīyā vidyādhigatā; avidyā vihatā vidyotpannā; tamo vihatam ālokotpannaḥ; yathā tad apramattasyātāpinaḥ prahitātmano viharataḥ.

tadyathāpi bhikṣavo 'raṇye pavane mahan nimnam palvalam. tam enaṃ mahāmṛgasaṅgha upaniśritya viharet. tasya kaścid eva puruṣa utpadyetānarthakāmo 'hitakāmo 'yogakṣemakāmaḥ. sa yv āsya mārgaḥ kṣemaḥ sauvastikaḥ prītigamanīyas taṃ mārgaṃ pidadhyāt, vivṛṇuyāt kumārgam, avadadhyād okacaram, sthāpayed okacārikām. evaṃ hi sa bhikṣavo mahāmṛgasaṅgho 'pareṇa samayenānayavyasanam āpadyeta. tasyaiva khalu punar bhikṣavo mahato mṛgasaṅghasya kaścid eva puruṣa utpadyetārthakāmo hitakāmo yogakṣemakāmaḥ. sa yv āsya mārgaḥ kṣemaḥ sauvastikaḥ prītigamanīyas taṃ mārgaṃ vivṛṇuyāt, pidadhyāt kumārgam, uddhanyād okacaram, nāśayed okacārikām. evaṃ hi sa bhikṣavo mahāmṛgasaṅgho 'pareṇa samayena vṛddhiṃ virūḍhiṃ vaipulyam āpadyeta.

upamā khalu mayāyaṃ bhikṣavaḥ kṛtārthasya vijñāpanāya. ayaṃ caivātrārthaḥ—mahan nimnam palvalam iti khalu bhikṣavaḥ, kāmānām etad adhivacanam. mahāmṛgasaṅgha iti khalu bhikṣavaḥ, sattvānām etad adhivacanam. puruṣo 'narthakāmo 'hitakāmo 'yogakṣemakāma iti khalu bhikṣavaḥ, mārasyaitat pāpmavataḥ adhivacanam. kumārga iti khalu bhikṣavaḥ, aṣṭāṅgikasyaitan mithyāmārgasyādhivacanam, tadyathā—mithyādṛṣṭer mithyāsaṅkalpasya mithyāvāco mithyākarmāntasya mithyājīvasya mithyāvyāyāmasya mithyāsmṛter mithyāsamādheḥ. okacara iti khalu bhikṣavaḥ, nandīrāgasyaitad adhivacanam. okacāriketi khalu bhikṣavaḥ, avidyāyā etad adhivacanam. puruṣo 'rthakāmo hitakāmo yogakṣemakāma iti khalu bhikṣavaḥ, tathāgatasyaitad adhivacanam arhataḥ samyaksambuddhasya. kṣemo mārgaḥ sauvastikaḥ prītigamanīya iti khalu bhikṣavaḥ, āryasyaitad aṣṭāṅgikasya mārgasyādhivacanam, tadyathā—samyagdṛṣṭeḥ samyaksaṅkalpasya samyagvācaḥ samyakkarmāntasya samyagājīvasya samyagvyāyāmasya samyaksmṛteḥ samyaksamādheḥ.

iti khalu bhikṣavo, vivṛto mayā kṣemo mārgaḥ sauvastikaḥ prītigamanīyaḥ, pihitaḥ kumārgaḥ, uddhata okacaraḥ, nāśitaukacārikā.

yad bhikṣavaḥ, śāstrā karaṇīyaṃ śrāvakāṇāṃ hitaiṣiṇānukampakenānukampām upādāya, kṛtaṃ vas tan mayā. etāni bhikṣavo vṛkṣamūlāni, etāni śūnyāgārāṇi; dhyāyata bhikṣavaḥ, mā pramādyata; mā paścād vipratisāriṇo 'bhūta. iyaṃ vo 'smākam anuśāsanī”ti.

idam avocat bhagavān. āttamanasas te bhikṣavo bhagavato bhāṣitam abhyanandan.

dvidhāvitarkasūktaṃ niṣṭhitaṃ navamam.